Authorship and Contributorship
JBSMR follows COPE guidance on authorship and uses the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to record who did what. The rules apply to every article type.
Who is an author
An author must meet all four of these criteria:
- a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the collection, analysis or interpretation of data;
- drafting the work or revising it critically for important content;
- approving the final version for publication; and
- agreeing to be accountable for all parts of the work, so that questions about accuracy or integrity are properly investigated and resolved.
Anyone who contributed but does not meet all four should be thanked in the Acknowledgements, with their consent.
CRediT statement
Each manuscript must list every author's contribution using the fourteen CRediT roles: Conceptualisation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualisation, Writing (original draft), and Writing (review and editing).
A. B. Author: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Writing (original draft). C. D. Author: Software, Validation, Visualisation. E. F. Author: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing (review and editing).
Corresponding author
One author is named as corresponding author. They deal with the journal during submission, review and publication, make sure every author has approved the manuscript, keep contact and affiliation details correct, and remain the contact for the article after publication.
ORCID
The corresponding author must link an ORCID iD to their journal account. Co-authors are strongly encouraged to do the same. ORCID iDs appear in the published article's metadata.
Changing the author list
Any addition, removal or reordering after submission needs a written request, signed by every author including anyone being added or removed, sent to the Editor-in-Chief through the Contact page with the reason. After acceptance, changes are made only in exceptional cases and may delay publication. After publication, a change requires a formal correction.
Ghost, gift and guest authorship
None of these is allowed: leaving out someone who meets the criteria (ghost), listing someone who does not (gift), or adding a senior name that made no contribution (guest). Cases are handled using the COPE flowcharts and may lead to correction, retraction or notice to the authors' institutions.
AI tools
AI tools, including large language models, cannot be authors. Authors are responsible for the whole manuscript and must disclose AI use as set out in the AI Use Policy.
